Anaerobic spore-forming H2 -forming microbial associations, that actively synthesizedhydrogen at a temperature 30оС, Eh = -150 мV, рН=7.0, were distinguished from different ecosystems. Discovered that the associations consist of gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria, which form bacillary or clostridial types of spores. Selected crops will be used for bioconversion of various organic wastes.